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Simon Grunau
Simon Grunau (died ca. 1530) was the author of ''Preussische Chronik'',〔Full title: ''Cronika und beschreibung allerlüstlichenn, nützlichsten und waaren historien des namkundigenn landes zu Prewssen'' or ''Chronicle and description of the most amusing, useful and true known history of the Prussian land''〕 the first comprehensive history of Prussia. The only personal information available is what he wrote himself in his work: that he was a Dominican priest from Tolkmicko Tolkmicko (Tolkemit) near Frombork (Frauenburg) just north of Elbląg (Elbing) in Poland.〔 He preached in Danzig (Gdańsk) and claimed to have personally met Pope Leo X and Polish King Sigismund I the Old. The chronicle was written in the German language sometime between 1517 and 1529. Its 24 chapters deal with Prussian landscape, agriculture, inhabitants, their customs, and history from earliest times to up to 1525 when the Protestant Duchy of Prussia was created.〔 It also contains a short (about a hundred words) vocabulary of the Prussian language, one of the very few written artifacts of this extinct language. While often biased and based on dubious sources, this work became very popular and is the principal source of information on Prussian mythology.〔 The chronicle circulated as a frequently copied manuscript and was first published in 1876. Modern historians often dismiss the ''Preussische Chronik'' as a work of fiction.
==Author bias==
Grunau lived at the time of political division and fierce religious conflicts in Prussia, and as a Catholic priest, was biased against Protestants. In 1525, the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights was transformed into the Duchy of Prussia, the first Lutheran state in the world.〔 Royal Prussia, under the sovereignty of the Polish Crown, also became largely Lutheran; only the Bishopric of Warmia remained Catholic.
Traditions of the Old Prussians, the indigenous people of the region prior to the Prussian Crusade and influx of German colonists, were used in an attempt to find a common ground.〔 Under such circumstances, Grunau was extremely critical of the Teutonic Knights and favored local Prussians, emphasizing their non-German origin.〔 He wrote about their origins, customs, and religion trying in order to differentiate the Prussians from the Germans.
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